All images that except those listed under “Image sources” below were created
by me. These images and the text, which was entirely written by me, are subject to the
terms of the following copyright notice.
Copyright notice
No part of this document may be reproduced without written consent from the author,
except as follows:
You may download an electronic copy for your personal use.
You may print a copy for your personal use.
If you are an instructor and use these notes in teaching your class, you may
distribute electronic copies free of charge to your students. You may also distribute
printed copies to them for free; or you may charge a fee, but only to cover the costs
of printing, without any surcharge.
You may adapt the accompanying set of PowerPoint presentations by rearranging, adding,
deleting, or modifying individual slides. The modified presentations may be shared
with your class or with other instructors, but you may not charge a fee for such
modified files.
You may use individual images or short excerpts in keeping with general fair use
considerations. Examples are inclusion of one or several figures in a thesis,
scientific paper, or conference poster. In any such use, proper attribution must be
made.
It is not permissible to post any of these files on a publicly accessible web server.
Exempt from this restriction are websites which can be accessed only by the students of
a class that uses these notes and slides as teaching materials.
All the above clauses apply to all file formats of this document—currently HTML
and PDF—as well as to the accompanying sets of PDF and PowerPoint slides.
Exempt from all above restrictions are several images that have been obtained from third
parties (and whose origin is listed below). Please consult the originators of those
works for copyright restrictions that may apply to your intended reuse.
Image sources
This section lists the sources and the copyright situation of all images not created by
me, as far as I have been able to ascertain them. These images have been used either
with explicit permission of the owners, or under the following rationales:
Images from wikipedia: These are
usually released under the Creative Commons
3.0 license, which permits their incorporation, in unchanged form, into a
collection, without affecting the copyright of the resulting collection as a whole.
I believe that these lecture notes and slides constitute a collection that
conforms to this clause.
Images from individual sources, for which no copyright holder could be identified, or
for which requests for permission to reuse went unanswered: the use of these images is
deemed appropriate (1) because of general fair use considerations [144], and/or (2) because the
images in question constitute faithful reproductions of physical phenomena, without
artistic originality, and therefore, according to a decision
by the US Court of Appeals, are not subject to copyright protection.
If you have the rights to an image used here without explicit permission and credit, and
you do not agree with its use in these notes, please let me know, and I will remove it.
If you have the rights and you do agree with its use, I would
also appreciate a brief note to this effect, so that I can give you the proper credit.
Slide 1.1.1: Taken from wikimedia.
This is a photographic reproduction of an old painting. No copyright claims exist, as
far as I can see.
Slide 1.3.1: The EM picture is
taken from the CDC image
library (search ID 1973) and is in the public domain.
Slide 1.3.2: Taken from wikimedia
and in the public domain.
Slide 2.1.1: Taken
from [145], which in turn attributes copyright to
the Nobel Foundation. However, this picture is more than a hundred years old and is
therefore out of copyright.
Slide 3.4.6: Left panel:
this photograph is floating around the web in many copies. Copyright could not be
ascertained, but this appears to be a straight photograph, likely old and out of
copyright.
